Subject: The
Last Marines KIA in Vietnam - HMM-164 aboard the USS Hancock
Action: Operation "Frequent Wind"
and the Evacuation of Saigon -
YT-14 – The Last Helicopter and Crew Lost in The Republic of
Vietnam,
Submitted by Alan H. Barbour,
Historian USMC/Vietnam Helicopter Association.
Casualties: Capt.
William C. Nystul and 1stLt. Michael J. Shea, USMC
At 06:00 on the morning of 29 April 1975,
the Boeing Vertol CH-46D SeaKnight YT-14 prepared to launch as the overwater SAR (search and rescue) aircraft from
the carrier USS Hancock (CVA-19) for Operation Frequent Wind, the evacuation of American and Vietnamese personnel
from the American Embassy in Saigon. Normally, a fixed wing carrier such as the Hancock executing helicopter operations
would not launch a helicopter SAR aircraft as any helicopter could perform SAR duties. However for an operation
of this magnitude, a designated rescue helicopter provided the task force with the capability of responding instantly
to any emergency. This was a special day however, because of the air traffic potential. Emergency USMC helicopter
operations were planned all day as necessary for the evacuation as the North Vietnamese Army entered Saigon. Much
of the air traffic would be of South Vietnamese origin, as had been witnessed the previous day.
Vietnamese helicopters and fixed wing were
expected to arrive at any time. Some Vietnamese pilots, with their families and friends attempting to escape South
Vietnam, ditched adjacent to the shipping, while others attempted to land on the various decks, some on top of
other aircraft. There were many times during the day that the decks of various ships were fouled with aircraft,
sometimes intentionally, including both helicopters and fixed wing. YT-14 was designated the Angel Flight (Naval
term for overwater SAR) for operation Frequent Wind, to be used for any eventuality. YT was the designation given
to all aircraft assigned to Marine helicopter squadron HMM-164. Cpl. Stephen R. Wills was the Crewchief/Right Gunner
of YT-14, an aircraft affectionately known to the Marines who flew it as a Phrog. Cpl. Richard L. Scott was his
1st Mechanic/Left Gunner for this early-morning SAR mission. The aircraft and these men were assigned to Marine
Medium Helicopter Squadron 164. The two Marines remained with their aircraft in orbit over the South China Sea
through the entire day and into the night, for 17 hours, refueling every couple of hours, without shutting down.
According to Steve Wills, throughout the day during several hot refuelings on the deck of the USS Hancock, Vietnamese
aircraft were “trying to land on top of us.”
“Conversations during the day between crew
members aboard YT-14 were strictly that of Marines carrying out their routine duties, and wishing they were someplace
else.” As the day advanced, at approximately 13:00, during a hot refueling, Capt. William C. Nystul and 1stLt.
Michael J. Shea relieved the originally assigned pilot and copilot aboard YT-14. Bill Nystul was a recent WestPac
[Marine operating area – western Pacific] arrival to Okinawa when HMM-164 deployed with the remaining UH-46D’s
and UH-1E’s from MCAS Futenma, Okinawa. He had just completed schooling, and had re-fammed in the H-46. Bill had
been a fixed wing instructor in the Naval Aviation Training Command at Pensacola, and had since accumulated approximately
20 hours of refamiliarization time on the CH-46. Mike Shea had accumulated approximately 25 CH-46 hours in Futenma
before deploying, and was previously a designated CH-53 pilot (7564). Capt. Chic Schoener was assigned to H&MS-36
as a pilot in Okinawa and did his CH-46 flying with both HMM-164 and HMM-165. He remembers giving Bill Nystul an
Okinawa island Fam hop before they embarked aboard the aircraft carrier USS Midway (CVA-41) for cross decking to
the USS Hancock and had known both he and Mike Shea before and while embarked. Chic, like many other squadron pilots,
flew 13 or more hours during this day.
“A typical CH-46D carried 2400 lbs. of jet
fuel (JP-4 or 5)(1200 in each stub wing) and had a routine flight endurance of 2 hours. Under certain flight conditions
that time could be stretched to 2+15 hours. However, NATOPS and safety dictated refueling when the fuel quantity
was no lower than 200 lbs per side (approximately 20 minutes fuel remaining). The fuel “low caution lights” usually
came on with 340 lbs of fuel remaining. This operation was not routine (by any standards) with many aircraft and
crewmembers' limitations being stretched well beyond stated limits. Extraordinary times call for extraordinary
efforts.”
According to Steve Wills, maintaining the
SAR orbit was not simply a “watch.” The crew had been active all day with various tasks. “I would just be guessing
as to the number of times that we refueled that day. But it would have to have been six or seven times, maybe even
more. On one of our landings to refuel, we were loaded with about twenty or so refugees that were to be transferred
to the USS Blue Ridge (LCC 19).”
“Just as we landed on the Blue Ridge, we were
told to launch immediately, as there was a small aircraft that had crashed aft of the Blue Ridge. We off loaded
our passengers, took off and CPL Scott and I readied the rescue hoist, and opened the hellhole. We spotted three
personnel in the water and lowered the hoist. It was very evident that two of the people where in bad shape with
what looked to be massive head injuries. All three of them tried to get in the hoist, as they were only a few feet
apart from each other. The one that wasn't hurt got in.
“We started to bring him up, when I saw that
one of the injured men slipped under the water. I told Capt. Nystul to back off as our rotor wash was pushing them
under. I told Captain Nystul that I was going to go into the water to try to help the other man. He told me to
send in Scott. I informed him that Scott couldn’t swim. By the time we got the first man in, we lost sight of the
last man. We started to circle to see if we could find the third man but couldn’t find him. A small Navy launch
from the Blue Ridge was now on site, and we were released to return to the Hancock to refuel, and return to our
SAR orbit point.”
“During this mission there was a Navy officer
on board taking pictures of the rescue … I had to keep pushing him away from me, as he kept getting in my way while
we were trying to rescue those downed men.” The weight of the helicopter and the temperature of the day had significant
effects on the operation that day.
“Twice we had to dump fuel because of our
weight. After we departed the USS Hancock we where losing altitude due to our weight and the heat of the day. Capt.
Nystul told me that he was going to dump fuel. I informed him that there should be no problem with the system,
as I had personally checked it out a few days before. “That’s what we heard” was the comeback from Capt. Nystul.”
“Several days before the evac, I pre-flighted
YT-14 for a test flight after replacing the rotor pitch-change link bearings. The flight was to take place later
in the afternoon. After going down to the maintenance office, I was told that the test flight would take place
in about 20 minutes. I was told to have YT-14 spotted and to unfold the blades.”
“We had the deck crew spot her on the #1 spot.
I got in and fired up the aircraft APP [auxiliary power plant] and when I brought the electrical power on line,
I switched it from DC current to AC current. Right then the ship’s deck came alive with people trying to get me
to shut down the aircraft. My 1st Mech, Cpl. Scott came in yelling that we were dumping fuel on the flight deck.
I reached up and hit the APP switch to shut it off. Still we were dumping fuel. I told Cpl. Scott to go back and
put his hand over one of the dump pipes and to have one of the other mechanics out side do the same to the other
side. I guess you could imagine the double hand gestures I received.”
“I looked up and saw that the fuel jettison
switch was in the open position. I fired the APP back up, reached up and moved it back to the closed position,
flipped the APP off. Still, we were dumping fuel. Then it came to me that I didn't bring the electrical system
on line with the AC current.”
“Again I fired the APP up, only this time
when she lit off - there was a ball of flame that shot out the back at least ten or fifteen feet from the APP.
I could see people running everywhere away from the A/C. I switched the system to AC and toggled the switch, shut
down the APP, and vacated the A/C.”
“By then, the crash crew was there. Needless
to say, I was asked to go visit the CO and the ships Captain. That’s why I told Capt. Nystul I knew that the system
worked.”
The second time they had to dump fuel was
when a Marine CH-53 was losing altitude. It had over 30 people in it and they feared that it was going to go in.
“We were vectored to its location and could see that she was dropping and at the same time dumping fuel. We dropped
half or more of our fuel as we knew that there was no way we could maintain altitude while trying to hover if we
were to try and rescue any survivors. The H-53 couldn't have been more than a hundred feet off the deck. This was
during the hottest part of the day. Thankfully it started to gain its altitude back and we were not needed.” The
day had progressed to evening. The Ambassador still refused to leave Saigon. It was dark and it was getting later.
All crews were pushing their safe flight time limits. Twice in the final hour of their SAR flight they were on
final approach to the USS Hancock when they were sent back out to their orbit point for another possible mission.
They were to report when they were down to 30 minutes fuel remaining. The fatigued pilots on the flight crew had
been flying continuously for ten hours and the aircrew had been working continuously for seventeen hours when,
in Steve Wills’ own words, the following happened: “We were at our orbit point when Capt. Nystul radioed for clearance
for a landing approach back to the USS Hancock. We were down to about 30 minutes of fuel. We were given the OK
to return, refuel and then go back out.”
“On our inbound approach, I looked out the
rear of the ship and saw a light at our 6 o’clock position coming in on us. I made it out to be another aircraft.
I told the Captain and I then cleared him for a hard right turn. That other aircraft missed hitting us by less
than 100 ft. “For the next 15 minutes there was no conversation in our aircraft, except for a comment made by Captain
Nystul that "Some one is going to die up here tonight."
“On returning to the ship I was asked if we
were clear for a left turn. I gave the OK and no sooner than that, I heard “Pick it up, Pick it up, Pick it up.”
I did not hear “Pull-up” as was stated in the KIA incident report. I braced myself, thinking that we were about
to be in a mid-air with another aircraft. That day we must have had five or six close calls with other aircraft;
not those of the Marines but of the Vietnamese.”
“I don't remember any sudden descent or that
of pulling in power. The only thing I remember was that of the hard landing lights coming on. That's when every
thing went black.” Concurrently Sgt. Chris Woods, Crew Chief of Swift 22 aboard the USS Hancock witnessed the following:
“The traffic pattern around the Hancock was very congested with aircraft landing, dropping off passengers, refueling,
etc. Helicopters were continuously landing and taking off. Swift 22 had been refueled and stashed behind the [carrier]
island to free up landing spots.”
“I can't remember if I was doing a turnaround
inspection or trying to get some rest. “ PULL UP, PULL UP, PULL UP” the air boss said over the 5MC (flight deck)
speakers. The air boss kept yelling "PULL UP" until the aircraft impacted the water. I ran out in front
of my aircraft to see a left running light (red) angling towards the water, it continued until there was "flash"
caused by the aircraft impacting the water. I remember hearing several helicopters hovering trying to pick up survivors.
Pandemonium was everywhere. There had been an immediate response from the personnel aboard the Hancock aware of
the distressing situation. There were at least four helicopters that made attempts to get the survivors out; two
Navy rescue SH-3's, one Marine CH-53 and finally another CH-46. Cpl. Wills related: “I came to under water. That’s
when the Water Survival Training took over. I was only able to inflate one side of my LPA. The right side of it
was torn. When I hit the surface I found that my radio was gone, along with my pistol. I found my pen flares and
fired two of them. I started yelling to see if any one else got out. Cpl. Scott yelled back. He was about fifty
yards from me.”
“Cpl Scott was yelling that he couldn't swim.
I was yelling back to him, to pop his LPA and finally he did. We both tried to get to each other, but the current
was pulling him farther from me. I couldn’t move because my right hip was dislocated, and my left leg had a compound
fracture 8" above the knee.”
“The first two Navy SH-3’s tried to get us
out with their hoist, but we couldn’t hook up. The rotor wash from the CH-53 that came over us just kept pushing
us under the water. The two SH-3's and the H-53 tried to drown me and then backed off.”
“After firing my pen flares, I was able to
light up my strobe light. I do remember that Scotty fired his pen flare at the first or second helicopter almost
hitting it. I yelled to him to get his strobe out and light it up. That would have been the only way that he could
be seen.”
"Another CH-46D, call sign Swift 07,
from HMM-164 was on the deck of the USS Hancock undergoing hot refueling, piloted by Capt. Steve Haley and 1stLt.
Dean Koontz. They launched immediately, and picked up Cpl. Richard Scott by hoist. They completed a water-landing
at night near the crash scene in pitch-black conditions and water-taxied up to the struggling and seriously injured
Cpl. Wills. He was unable to get into the rescue harness due to his injuries. “
"In all of our training we were told
that PHROGS don't float. But I can sure tell you of the one that can swim.”
“When the rescue aircraft tried to get me
out, and when being pushed under water by the rotor wash, I remember covering my strobe light so they couldn't
see me. They would then have to back off, letting me come back to the surface. I did that more than one time. I
was blacking out from loss of blood and shock when I came to and saw those rotor blades over my head.”
“There was seawater in the cabin section [of
Swift 07] when they pulled me by hand thru the cabin door of the CH-46. I heard the emergency throttles come up
and remember the whine of the engines and the slapping of the blades ... I still can look up and see the rotor
blades and thinking that H-46 was crashing on top of me.”
“The hand that reached out to me was that
of the rescue aircraft Crewchief, Sgt. Lon Chaney … we spent approximately 45 minutes in the water before they
got us out.” Continuing the account of the rescue as witnessed by Chris Woods on the deck of the USS Hancock: Then
all of a sudden I watched as the bottom anti-collision light on a Phrog went underwater. I thought, GOD, not another
crash. I watched as I realized that the aircraft was in the water to pick up survivors. Moments later Swift 07
was on the flight deck with Cpl Stephen R. Wills and Cpl Richard L. Scott. Capt. Nystul and Lt. Shea went down
with the aircraft. The mood was not good. Everyone was exhausted and now we had to accept the deaths of two squadron
mates.”
"The rescue was completed at about 23:30
on 29 Apr 1975. The bodies of Capt. Nystul and Lt. Shea were never recovered. Estimates from the ship were that
they were in 65-100 feet of water [the ship had been moving all day]. The only items that were found after the
incident were the four flight crew helmets and the front landing strut with the tires on it. At twilight on 30
Apr 1975, a very moving and traditional Burial at Sea was conducted for Capt. Bill Nystul and 1stLt. Mike Shea
aboard the USS Hancock. They escorted one of the surviving crewmembers, Cpl. Richard Scott, across the deck for
the Memorial Service. Cpl. Steve Wills was resting in double traction of both left and right legs on the 03 level
of the ship and could not be moved. He was later very appreciative of the aircrew members for dropping in on him
during his recovery.
“If it were up to me, Capt. Haley and Lt Koontz
would have received the CMH. But in saying that, please don't forget the hand that reached out, with seawater flowing
in the cabin section, pulling me in … not with the hoist but by his hand. The aircrew of that ship will always
live in my heart and mind as my guardian angel, even though I was flying the Angel Flight.” Operation Frequent
Wind ended on the morning of the 30th of April with the extraction of Ambassador Graham Martin, followed by the
extraction of the Marine Security Detachment, as did all U.S. involvement in the Republic of Vietnam.
YT-14 (BuNo 154042) of HMM-164 was the last
Marine helicopter lost in Vietnam, and still sits at the bottom of the South China Sea in 65 - 100 feet of water
at coordinates N 09 55’ 32” E 107 20’ 06”, or at approximately 30 nautical miles on the 150 o radial of the Vung
Tau NDB.
“One last thought. If we know approximately
where YT-14 lies, why couldn't there be an attempt to see if there are any remains. With today’s technologies,
it might be a simple operation. We dig up mountains at crash sites to find remains no matter how small. To bring
back the remains of the last two American service men, the last two Marines, to have been killed in action in Vietnam
would mean a lot.” ~ Cpl. Steve
Wills, USMCR (med/ret), surviving
Crewchief of YT-14
Submitted by: Alan H. Barbour
Email Address: popasmoke@erols.com
USMC/Vietnam
Helicopter Association